{"id":74,"date":"2025-06-16T14:03:33","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T18:03:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=74"},"modified":"2025-10-22T14:25:14","modified_gmt":"2025-10-22T18:25:14","slug":"minor-intervals","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/chapter\/minor-intervals\/","title":{"raw":"Minor Intervals","rendered":"Minor Intervals"},"content":{"raw":"In addition to the seven diatonic intervals, we are also going to study four minor intervals. A <em>minor interval<\/em> is when the TOP NOTE of a major interval is lowered by one semitone. (Read about interval quality in <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/chapter\/interval-quality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Introduction to Music Theory and Rudiments<\/em><\/a>.)<a id=\"retfig8.1\"><\/a>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_138\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"983\"]<img class=\"wp-image-138\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-300x69.jpeg\" alt=\" Minor intervals. Image description available.\" width=\"983\" height=\"226\" \/> Figure 8.1 Minor intervals. [Image description \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig8.1\">See Appendix C Figure 8.1<\/a>][\/caption]<strong>Minor 2nd<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nListen to the minor second interval. How does it sound? Can you hum it? Can you sing it on the numbers? Use the Record button below and evaluate.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"10\"]\r\n\r\n<strong>Minor 2nd<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<strong>Major 2nd<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Second-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nCompare the two intervals. In what way are they the same? Different? Try singing\/humming them both. Flipping back and forth between major and minor, can you hear the difference? Continue this process through the remaining minor intervals.\r\n\r\n<strong>Minor 3rd<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Thid-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<strong>Major 3rd<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Thid-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<strong>Minor 6th<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<strong>Major 6th<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<strong>Minor 7th<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\n<strong>Major 7th<\/strong>\r\n\r\n[audio wav=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav\"][\/audio]\r\n\r\nSinging and humming intervals is a very useful tool to become familiar with how they sound and feel, and for identifying them. Another method used to identify intervals is song association. Each diatonic and minor interval can be matched to a well-known song.<a id=\"retvidintervals\"><\/a>\r\n\r\nhttps:\/\/streaming.macewan.ca\/media\/Intervals\/1_16hui6dp\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Video 8.1 Intervals. [Video transcript \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/back-matter\/appendix-b-video-transcripts\/#vidintervals\">See Appendix B 8.1<\/a>]<\/p>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\">Major 2nd - <em>Happy Birthday<\/em><\/span>\r\n\r\nMajor 3rd - <em>When the Saints Go Marching In<\/em>\r\n\r\nPerfect 4th - <em>Amazing Grace<\/em>, <em>Here Comes the Bride<\/em>\r\n\r\nPerfect 5th - <em>Star Wars<\/em> theme\r\n\r\nMajor 6th - <em>My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean<\/em>\r\n\r\nMajor 7th - <em>Take On Me<\/em> (A-ha)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nMinor 2nd - <em>Jaws<\/em> theme\r\n\r\nMinor 3rd - <em>O Canada<\/em>\r\n\r\nMinor 6th - Love theme from <em>The Godfather<\/em>, <em>Yeah!<\/em> (Usher)\r\n\r\nMinor 7th- <em>Star Trek<\/em> theme, <em>The Winner Takes It All<\/em> (ABBA)\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nWhile this list might be helpful, it is important to note that these intervals are found in all types of music, and this list is just a starting point. A favourite song, something from your childhood, or a piece you\u2019ve previously performed may have a strong association for you on a particular interval, and using that as a reference piece may be more useful.","rendered":"<p>In addition to the seven diatonic intervals, we are also going to study four minor intervals. A <em>minor interval<\/em> is when the TOP NOTE of a major interval is lowered by one semitone. (Read about interval quality in <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/chapter\/interval-quality\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Introduction to Music Theory and Rudiments<\/em><\/a>.)<a id=\"retfig8.1\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_138\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-138\" style=\"width: 983px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-138\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-300x69.jpeg\" alt=\"Minor intervals. Image description available.\" width=\"983\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-300x69.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-1024x236.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-768x177.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-1536x353.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-2048x471.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-65x15.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-225x52.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/06\/Minor-Intervals-350x81.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 983px) 100vw, 983px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 8.1 Minor intervals. [Image description \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig8.1\">See Appendix C Figure 8.1<\/a>]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Minor 2nd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!--[if lt IE 9]><script>document.createElement('audio');<\/script><![endif]--><br \/>\n<audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-1\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav?_=1\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Listen to the minor second interval. How does it sound? Can you hum it? Can you sing it on the numbers? Use the Record button below and evaluate.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-10\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-10\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"10\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Audio Recorder\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>Minor 2nd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-2\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav?_=2\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Second-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>Major 2nd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-3\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Second-Interval-S1.wav?_=3\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Second-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Second-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Compare the two intervals. In what way are they the same? Different? Try singing\/humming them both. Flipping back and forth between major and minor, can you hear the difference? Continue this process through the remaining minor intervals.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Minor 3rd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-4\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Thid-Interval-S1.wav?_=4\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Thid-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Thid-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>Major 3rd<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-5\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Thid-Interval-S1.wav?_=5\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Thid-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Thid-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>Minor 6th<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-6\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav?_=6\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>Major 6th<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-7\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav?_=7\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Sixth-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>Minor 7th<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-8\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav?_=8\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Minor-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p><strong>Major 7th<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><audio class=\"wp-audio-shortcode\" id=\"audio-74-9\" preload=\"none\" style=\"width: 100%;\" controls=\"controls\"><source type=\"audio\/wav\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav?_=9\" \/><a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav\">https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/47\/2025\/07\/C-Major-Seventh-Interval-S1.wav<\/a><\/audio><\/p>\n<p>Singing and humming intervals is a very useful tool to become familiar with how they sound and feel, and for identifying them. Another method used to identify intervals is song association. Each diatonic and minor interval can be matched to a well-known song.<a id=\"retvidintervals\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"kaltura_player\" title=\"Intervals\" src=\"https:\/\/cdnapisec.kaltura.com\/p\/2141712\/sp\/214171200\/embedIframeJs\/uiconf_id\/35075851\/partner_id\/2141712?iframeembed=true&#38;playerId=kaltura_player&#38;entry_id=1_16hui6dp&#38;flashvars[streamerType]=auto&#38;flashvars[localizationCode]=en&#38;flashvars[sideBarContainer.plugin]=true&#38;flashvars[sideBarContainer.position]=left&#38;flashvars[sideBarContainer.clickToClose]=true&#38;flashvars[chapters.plugin]=true&#38;flashvars[chapters.layout]=vertical&#38;flashvars[chapters.thumbnailRotator]=false&#38;flashvars[streamSelector.plugin]=true&#38;flashvars[EmbedPlayer.SpinnerTarget]=videoHolder&#38;flashvars[dualScreen.plugin]=true&#38;flashvars[hotspots.plugin]=1&#38;flashvars[Kaltura.addCrossoriginToIframe]=true&#38;wid=1_qqf42fpj\" width=\"608\" height=\"402\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" sandbox=\"allow-downloads allow-forms allow-same-origin allow-scripts allow-top-navigation allow-pointer-lock allow-popups allow-modals allow-orientation-lock allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox allow-presentation allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Video 8.1 Intervals. [Video transcript \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/back-matter\/appendix-b-video-transcripts\/#vidintervals\">See Appendix B 8.1<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Major 2nd &#8211; <em>Happy Birthday<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Major 3rd &#8211; <em>When the Saints Go Marching In<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Perfect 4th &#8211; <em>Amazing Grace<\/em>, <em>Here Comes the Bride<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Perfect 5th &#8211; <em>Star Wars<\/em> theme<\/p>\n<p>Major 6th &#8211; <em>My Bonnie Lies Over the Ocean<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Major 7th &#8211; <em>Take On Me<\/em> (A-ha)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Minor 2nd &#8211; <em>Jaws<\/em> theme<\/p>\n<p>Minor 3rd &#8211; <em>O Canada<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Minor 6th &#8211; Love theme from <em>The Godfather<\/em>, <em>Yeah!<\/em> (Usher)<\/p>\n<p>Minor 7th- <em>Star Trek<\/em> theme, <em>The Winner Takes It All<\/em> (ABBA)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>While this list might be helpful, it is important to note that these intervals are found in all types of music, and this list is just a starting point. A favourite song, something from your childhood, or a piece you\u2019ve previously performed may have a strong association for you on a particular interval, and using that as a reference piece may be more useful.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":69,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-74","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":44,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/69"}],"version-history":[{"count":40,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1946,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74\/revisions\/1946"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/44"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/74\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=74"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=74"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=74"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtoeartraining\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=74"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}