{"id":64,"date":"2024-04-04T13:56:46","date_gmt":"2024-04-04T17:56:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=64"},"modified":"2024-07-23T17:47:30","modified_gmt":"2024-07-23T21:47:30","slug":"repeats","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/chapter\/repeats\/","title":{"raw":"Repeats","rendered":"Repeats"},"content":{"raw":"<span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are a variety of symbols used in music that allow a section or sections of music to be repeated. The simplest are repeat signs. Placed on the staff and the beginning and end of the repeated section, using repeats signs allows for a section to be repeated as many times as needed.<a id=\"retfig6.1\"><\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_267\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"848\"]<img class=\"wp-image-267\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-1024x273.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6.1 Image description available.\" width=\"848\" height=\"226\" \/> Figure 6.1 [Image description - <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig6.1\">See Appendix C Figure 6.1<\/a>][\/caption]<span style=\"color: #000000;\">While the default is to play the repeated section two times total, when indicated properly, repeat signs can be used to repeat a section as many times as needed or desired.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn many cases, a repeated section may differ slightly at the end of the phrase. When this occurs, repeat signs with first and second endings can be used.<a id=\"retfig6.2\"><\/a>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_268\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img class=\"wp-image-268 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-1024x225.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6.2 Image description available.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"225\" \/> Figure 6.2 [Image description \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig6.2\">See Appendix C Figure 6.2<\/a>][\/caption]<span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the example above, the first four bars are performed, then the first three bars are performed before jumping to the second ending.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>D.S<\/em>. and <em>Coda<\/em> symbols are used to repeat large sections of music and when repeat signs can\u2019t be used or have already been used within the desired repeated section. DS, which is short for <em>[pb_glossary id=\"139\"]Dal Segno[\/pb_glossary],\u00a0<\/em>means to go to the sign (<img class=\"alignnone wp-image-270\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-symbol.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"17\" height=\"20\" \/>)<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. After the performer has jumped back to the sign, there are numerous options for how to proceed from there.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>D.S. al fine <\/em>means go back to the sign and play until you see the word\u00a0<em>fine<\/em>, which means finish.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n\r\n<em>D.S.<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> al coda\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">means go back to the sign until you arrive at the coda bug, then jump to the new section labeled with another coda bug and the word Coda.<a id=\"retfig6.3\"><\/a><\/span>\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_271\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"789\"]<img class=\"wp-image-271\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-1024x624.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6.3 Image description available.\" width=\"789\" height=\"481\" \/> Figure 6.3 [Image description \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig6.3\">See Appendix C Figure 6.3<\/a>][\/caption]The last type of repeat you will see is D.C., which is an abbreviation for <em>Da Capo,<\/em> meaning go back to the start of the piece. Similar to <em>D.S.,\u00a0<\/em><em>D.C.\u00a0<\/em>can be paired with a\u00a0<em>fine<\/em> or a\u00a0<em>Coda<\/em> to allow for any type of repeat.","rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">There are a variety of symbols used in music that allow a section or sections of music to be repeated. The simplest are repeat signs. Placed on the staff and the beginning and end of the repeated section, using repeats signs allows for a section to be repeated as many times as needed.<a id=\"retfig6.1\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-267\" style=\"width: 848px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-267\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-1024x273.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6.1 Image description available.\" width=\"848\" height=\"226\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-1024x273.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-768x205.jpg 768w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-1536x409.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-2048x546.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-65x17.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-225x60.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-scaled-e1721764227399-350x93.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 848px) 100vw, 848px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6.1 [Image description &#8211; <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig6.1\">See Appendix C Figure 6.1<\/a>]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">While the default is to play the repeated section two times total, when indicated properly, repeat signs can be used to repeat a section as many times as needed or desired.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In many cases, a repeated section may differ slightly at the end of the phrase. When this occurs, repeat signs with first and second endings can be used.<a id=\"retfig6.2\"><\/a><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_268\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-268\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-268 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-1024x225.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6.2 Image description available.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-1024x225.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-300x66.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-768x168.jpg 768w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-1536x337.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-2048x449.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-65x14.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-225x49.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/repeats-w-endings-350x77.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6.2 [Image description \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig6.2\">See Appendix C Figure 6.2<\/a>]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the example above, the first four bars are performed, then the first three bars are performed before jumping to the second ending.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>D.S<\/em>. and <em>Coda<\/em> symbols are used to repeat large sections of music and when repeat signs can\u2019t be used or have already been used within the desired repeated section. DS, which is short for <em><a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_64_139\">Dal Segno<\/a>,\u00a0<\/em>means to go to the sign (<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-270\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-symbol.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"17\" height=\"20\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-symbol.jpg 137w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-symbol-65x76.jpg 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 17px) 100vw, 17px\" \/>)<span style=\"color: #339966;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">. After the performer has jumped back to the sign, there are numerous options for how to proceed from there.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><em>D.S. al fine <\/em>means go back to the sign and play until you see the word\u00a0<em>fine<\/em>, which means finish.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em>D.S.<span style=\"color: #000000;\"> al coda\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span style=\"color: #000000;\">means go back to the sign until you arrive at the coda bug, then jump to the new section labeled with another coda bug and the word Coda.<a id=\"retfig6.3\"><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_271\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-271\" style=\"width: 789px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-271\" src=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-1024x624.jpg\" alt=\"Figure 6.3 Image description available.\" width=\"789\" height=\"481\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-1024x624.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-768x468.jpg 768w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-1536x935.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-2048x1247.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-65x40.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-225x137.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/35\/2024\/04\/D.S.-al-Coda-350x213.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 789px) 100vw, 789px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-271\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 6.3 [Image description \u2013 <a href=\"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/back-matter\/appendix-c-figure-descriptions\/#fig6.3\">See Appendix C Figure 6.3<\/a>]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>The last type of repeat you will see is D.C., which is an abbreviation for <em>Da Capo,<\/em> meaning go back to the start of the piece. Similar to <em>D.S.,\u00a0<\/em><em>D.C.\u00a0<\/em>can be paired with a\u00a0<em>fine<\/em> or a\u00a0<em>Coda<\/em> to allow for any type of repeat.<\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_64_139\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_64_139\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>Go to the sign.<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><\/div>","protected":false},"author":69,"menu_order":6,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-64","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/69"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1388,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/revisions\/1388"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/introtomusictheory\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}