{"id":509,"date":"2023-05-16T20:00:58","date_gmt":"2023-05-17T00:00:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/?post_type=chapter&p=509"},"modified":"2023-05-17T21:04:18","modified_gmt":"2023-05-18T01:04:18","slug":"509","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/chapter\/509\/","title":{"raw":"References","rendered":"References"},"content":{"raw":"

References<\/strong><\/h1>\r\n

Addiction Center. (n.d.) Social Media Addiction. <\/em>Addiction Center. https:\/\/www.addictioncenter.com\/drugs\/social-media-addiction\/#:~:text=Social%20media%20addiction%20is%20a%20behavioral%20addiction%20that,media%20that%20it%20impairs%20other%20important%20life%20areas<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Anderson, K. J. (2001). Internet use among college students: an exploratory study. J Am Coll Health, 50<\/em>(1), 21\u201326.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448480109595707<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports, 110<\/em>(2), 501\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Andrews, T. (2020, March 24). Our iPhone weekly screen time reports are through the roof, and people are 'horrified'<\/em>. The Washington Post. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2020\/03\/24\/screen-time-iphone-coronavirus-quarantine-covid\/<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

B\u0142achnio, A., Przepiorka, A., & Pantic, I. (2016). Association between Facebook addiction, self-esteem and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Computers in Human Behavior, 55,<\/em> 701\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.10.026<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Cao, X., Gong, M., Yu, L., & Dai, B. (2020). Exploring the mechanism of social media addiction: an empirical study from WeChat users. Internet Research<\/em>, 30<\/em>(4), 1305\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.03.034<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18<\/em>(5), 553\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0747-5632(02)00004-3<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Chan, M. (2013). Mobile phones and the good life: Examining the relationships among mobile use, social capital and subjective well-being. New Media & Society, 17<\/em>(1), 96\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444813516836<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Chen, A. (2019). From attachment to addiction: The mediating role of need satisfaction on social networking sites. Computers In Human Behavior<\/em>, 98<\/em>, 80-92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.03.034<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Ciplak, E. (2020). Variables predicting social media addiction: Narcissism, happiness and average weekly time spent on social media. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences<\/em>, 12<\/em>(5), 48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15345\/iojes.2020.05.005<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T.P., & Mermelstein, R.J. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 24<\/em>(4), 385\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2136404<\/a><\/p>\r\n

American Psychiatric Association (n.d.). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM\u20135-TR). <\/em>American Psychiatric Association. https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49<\/em>(1), 71\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13<\/a><\/p>\r\n

D\u2019Onfro, J. (2018, January 3). These simple steps will help you stop checking your phone so much.<\/em> CNBC. https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/01\/03\/how-to-curb-you-smartphone-addiction-in-2018.html<\/a><\/p>\r\n

D'Souza, D. (2021, July 22). What is TikTok?<\/em> Investopedia. https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/what-is-tiktok-4588933<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

Farnsworth, B (2019, August 29). What is Participant Bias? (And How to Defeat it).<\/em> iMotions. www.imotions.com\/blog\/participant-bias\/<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

Felce, D. (2010). Defining and applying the concept of quality of life. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 41,<\/em> 126\u2013135. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00689.x<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Felman, A. (2021, June 3). Addiction: Definition, symptoms, withdrawal, and treatment<\/em>. Medical News Today. https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323465<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Galloway, A. (2005). Non-probability sampling. Encyclopedia of Social Measurement<\/em>, 2<\/em>, 859\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b0-12-369398-5\/00382-0<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Gao L, Gan Y, Whittal A, Lippke S. (2020) Problematic Internet Use and Perceived Quality of Life: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Work-Time and Leisure-Time Internet Use. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17<\/em>(11), 4056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17114056<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Gosain, P., & Yadav, K. (2020). A study on social media usage and fear of missing out (FOMO) among youngsters. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6<\/em>(2), 76\u201387.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.jssshonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/JSSSH_Vol.6_No.2_2020_76-87_Sr.-No.-4.pdf. <\/a><\/p>\r\n

Goswami, H. (2012). Social relationships and children\u2019s subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 107(3),<\/em> 575\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11205-011-9864-z<\/a><\/p>\r\n

History of Technology. (n.d.) Information Age<\/em>. History of Technology. https:\/\/historyoftechnologyif.weebly.com\/information-age.html<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Jackson, S., Jacobs, S., Burrell, N., & Allen, M. (1986). Characterizing ordinary argument: Substantive and methodological issues. Journal of American Forensic Association, 23<\/em>(1), <\/em>42\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00028533.1986.11951329<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Jie, T., Yizhen, Y., Yukai, D., Ying, M., Dongying, Z., & Jiaji, W. (2014). Addictive Behaviors Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with stressful life events and psychological symptoms among adolescent internet users. Addictive Behaviors, 39<\/em>(3), 744\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.12.010<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., Reinecke, L., Rieger, D., & Vorderer, P. (2018). The permanently online and permanently connected mind. Mapping the cognitive structures behind mobile Internet use. In P. Vorderer, D. Hefner, L. Reinecke & C. Klimmt (Eds.), Permanently online, permanently connected. Living and communication in a POPC world (pp. 18-28). Routledge. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/319623005_The_permanently_online_and_permanently_connected_mind_Mapping_the_cognitive_structures_behind_mobile_internet_use<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Kormoczi, R. (2020, June 24). What is the Digital Age?<\/em> Times International. https:\/\/timesinternational.net\/the-digital-age\/#:~:text=%20How%20will%20the%20Digital%20Age%20impact%20our,the%20most%20evident%20concerns%20is%20the...%20More%20<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLOS ONE, 8(<\/em>12), e83558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Larson, L. (2021). Social media use in emerging adults: Investigating the relationship with social media addiction and Social Behavior. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research<\/em>, 26<\/em>(2), 228\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24839\/2325-7342.jn26.2.228<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Lin C.-Y., Brostr\u00f6m, A., Nilsen, P., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A.H. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Persian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale using classic test theory and Rasch models. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6<\/em>(4), 620\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.6.2017.071<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Lee, E., Ho, S., & Lwin, M. (2016). Explicating problematic social network sites use: A review of concepts, theoretical frameworks, and future directions for communication theorizing. New Media & Society<\/em>, 19<\/em>(2), 308\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816671891<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Ling, R. (2012). Taken for grantedness. The embedding of mobile communication into society.<\/em> MIT Press.<\/p>\r\n

McCambridge, J., de Bruin, M., & Witton, J. (2012). The Effects of Demand Characteristics on Research Participant Behaviours in Non-Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE<\/em>, 7(6), e39116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0039116 <\/a><\/p>\r\n

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Addicted. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary<\/em>. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/addicted<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Social media. In Merriam Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/social%20media<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Merrigan, G., Huston, C. L., & Johnston, R. (2012). Communication Research Methods: Canadian Edition.<\/em> Oxford University Press.<\/p>\r\n

Nakaya, A. (2015). Internet and social media addiction<\/em>. ReferencePoint Press. https:\/\/www.webology.org\/abstract.php?id=277<\/a><\/p>\r\n

National Institutes of Health. (n.d.) Dependent and independent variables. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/nichsr\/stats_tutorial\/section2\/mod4_variables.html<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Ofir Turel & Alexander Serenko (2012) The benefits and dangers of enjoyment with social networking websites. European Journal of Information Systems, 21<\/em>(5), <\/em>512\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/ejis.2012.1<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Pang, H. (2018a). How does time spent on WeChat bolster subjective well-being through social integration and social capital? Telematics and Informatics, 35<\/em>(8), <\/em>2147\u20132156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2018.07.015<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Pang, H. (2018b). Exploring the beneficial effects of social networking site use on Chinese students\u2019 perceptions of social capital and psychological well-being in Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 67, <\/em>1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2018.08.002<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Ponnusamy, S., Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., & Hyun, S. S. (2020). Drivers and outcomes of Instagram addiction: Psychological well-being as moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 107<\/em>, 106294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106294<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior<\/em>, 29<\/em>(4), 1841\u20131848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2013.02.014<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Sam, N. (2013). Social skills. Psychology Dictionary. https:\/\/psychologydictionary.org\/social-skills\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and Satisfaction With Life. Computers in Human Behavior<\/em>, 57<\/em>, 321\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.12.045 <\/a><\/p>\r\n

Smith, J. (2021, July 5). Internet Addiction: Causes, Effects, And Treatments.<\/em> AddictionResource.net. https:\/\/www.addictionresource.net\/behavioral-addictions\/internet\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Statista Research Department. (2021, September 7). Daily Social Media Usage Worldwide 2012-2021<\/em>. Statista. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/433871\/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Statista Research Department. (2021, November 16). Most used social media 2021<\/em>. Statista. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/272014\/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users\/<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n

Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research. Addictive Behaviors<\/em>, 114<\/em>, 106699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106699<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Swar, B., & Hameed, T. (2017, February). Fear of Missing out, Social Media Engagement, Smartphone Addiction and Distraction: Moderating Role of Self-Help Mobile Apps-based Interventions in the Youth<\/em> [Paper presentation]. 10th International Conference on Health Informatics, Porto, Portugal. \u00a0https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/d2e4\/64a501b7c7a9c50be808803cb558758bdfbe.pdf. <\/a><\/p>\r\n

Tang, J. H., Chen, M. C., Yang, C. Y., Chung, T. Y., & Lee, Y. A. (2016). Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, and Facebook addiction. Telematics and Informatics,<\/em> 33<\/em>(1), 102\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2015.06.003<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Tarafdar, M., Maier, C., Laumer, S., & Weitzel, T. (2019). Explaining the link between technostress and technology addiction for social networking sites: A study of distraction as a coping behavior. Information Systems Journal, 30<\/em>(1), 96\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/isj.12253<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Techopedia. (2017, April 26). Social Platform.<\/em> Techopedia. https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/23759\/social-platform<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Tutgun \u00dcnal, A. & Deniz, L. (2015). Development of the Social Media Addiction Scale. AJIT-e Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 6(<\/em>21), 51\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5824\/1309-1581.2015.4.004.x<\/a><\/p>\r\n

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2021). Definitions of Youth.<\/em> United Nations Youth. https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/socdev\/documents\/youth\/fact-sheets\/youth-definition.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Wacks, Y., & Weinstein, A. M. (2021). Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry<\/em>, 12<\/em>, 1\u20137. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.669042<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Gaskin, J., & Wang, H. Z. (2014). The effects of social networking site (SNS) use on college students\u2019 friendship and well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 37,<\/em> 229\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2014.04.051<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Webster, Merriam. (2021). Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Young adult. (2022) in Cambridge Dictionary<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/young-adult<\/a><\/p>\r\n

Zhao, L. (2021). The impact of social media use types and social media addiction on subjective well-being of college students: A comparative analysis of addicted and non-addicted students. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4<\/em>, 100122. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2021.100122<\/a><\/p>","rendered":"

References<\/strong><\/h1>\n

Addiction Center. (n.d.) Social Media Addiction. <\/em>Addiction Center. https:\/\/www.addictioncenter.com\/drugs\/social-media-addiction\/#:~:text=Social%20media%20addiction%20is%20a%20behavioral%20addiction%20that,media%20that%20it%20impairs%20other%20important%20life%20areas<\/a><\/p>\n

Anderson, K. J. (2001). Internet use among college students: an exploratory study. J Am Coll Health, 50<\/em>(1), 21\u201326.\u00a0 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448480109595707<\/a><\/p>\n

Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychological Reports, 110<\/em>(2), 501\u2013517. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517<\/a><\/p>\n

Andrews, T. (2020, March 24). Our iPhone weekly screen time reports are through the roof, and people are ‘horrified’<\/em>. The Washington Post. https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/technology\/2020\/03\/24\/screen-time-iphone-coronavirus-quarantine-covid\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B\u0142achnio, A., Przepiorka, A., & Pantic, I. (2016). Association between Facebook addiction, self-esteem and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Computers in Human Behavior, 55,<\/em> 701\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.10.026<\/a><\/p>\n

Cao, X., Gong, M., Yu, L., & Dai, B. (2020). Exploring the mechanism of social media addiction: an empirical study from WeChat users. Internet Research<\/em>, 30<\/em>(4), 1305\u20131328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.03.034<\/a><\/p>\n

Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic Internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18<\/em>(5), 553\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0747-5632(02)00004-3<\/a><\/p>\n

Chan, M. (2013). Mobile phones and the good life: Examining the relationships among mobile use, social capital and subjective well-being. New Media & Society, 17<\/em>(1), 96\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444813516836<\/a><\/p>\n

Chen, A. (2019). From attachment to addiction: The mediating role of need satisfaction on social networking sites. Computers In Human Behavior<\/em>, 98<\/em>, 80-92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2019.03.034<\/a><\/p>\n

Ciplak, E. (2020). Variables predicting social media addiction: Narcissism, happiness and average weekly time spent on social media. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences<\/em>, 12<\/em>(5), 48\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15345\/iojes.2020.05.005<\/a><\/p>\n

Cohen, S., Kamarck, T.P., & Mermelstein, R.J. (1983). A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of health and social behavior, 24<\/em>(4), 385\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2136404<\/a><\/p>\n

American Psychiatric Association (n.d.). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM\u20135-TR). <\/em>American Psychiatric Association. https:\/\/www.psychiatry.org\/psychiatrists\/practice\/dsm<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Diener, E., Emmons, R.A., Larsen, R.J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The Satisfaction With Life Scale. Journal of personality assessment, 49<\/em>(1), 71\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327752jpa4901_13<\/a><\/p>\n

D\u2019Onfro, J. (2018, January 3). These simple steps will help you stop checking your phone so much.<\/em> CNBC. https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2018\/01\/03\/how-to-curb-you-smartphone-addiction-in-2018.html<\/a><\/p>\n

D’Souza, D. (2021, July 22). What is TikTok?<\/em> Investopedia. https:\/\/www.investopedia.com\/what-is-tiktok-4588933<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Farnsworth, B (2019, August 29). What is Participant Bias? (And How to Defeat it).<\/em> iMotions. www.imotions.com\/blog\/participant-bias\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Felce, D. (2010). Defining and applying the concept of quality of life. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 41,<\/em> 126\u2013135. doi: 10.1111\/j.1365-2788.1997.tb00689.x<\/a><\/p>\n

Felman, A. (2021, June 3). Addiction: Definition, symptoms, withdrawal, and treatment<\/em>. Medical News Today. https:\/\/www.medicalnewstoday.com\/articles\/323465<\/a><\/p>\n

Galloway, A. (2005). Non-probability sampling. Encyclopedia of Social Measurement<\/em>, 2<\/em>, 859\u2013864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/b0-12-369398-5\/00382-0<\/a><\/p>\n

Gao L, Gan Y, Whittal A, Lippke S. (2020) Problematic Internet Use and Perceived Quality of Life: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Study Investigating Work-Time and Leisure-Time Internet Use. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17<\/em>(11), 4056. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17114056<\/a><\/p>\n

Gosain, P., & Yadav, K. (2020). A study on social media usage and fear of missing out (FOMO) among youngsters. Journal of Studies in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6<\/em>(2), 76\u201387.\u00a0 http:\/\/www.jssshonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/JSSSH_Vol.6_No.2_2020_76-87_Sr.-No.-4.pdf. <\/a><\/p>\n

Goswami, H. (2012). Social relationships and children\u2019s subjective well-being. Social Indicators Research, 107(3),<\/em> 575\u2013588. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11205-011-9864-z<\/a><\/p>\n

History of Technology. (n.d.) Information Age<\/em>. History of Technology. https:\/\/historyoftechnologyif.weebly.com\/information-age.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Jackson, S., Jacobs, S., Burrell, N., & Allen, M. (1986). Characterizing ordinary argument: Substantive and methodological issues. Journal of American Forensic Association, 23<\/em>(1), <\/em>42\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00028533.1986.11951329<\/a><\/p>\n

Jie, T., Yizhen, Y., Yukai, D., Ying, M., Dongying, Z., & Jiaji, W. (2014). Addictive Behaviors Prevalence of internet addiction and its association with stressful life events and psychological symptoms among adolescent internet users. Addictive Behaviors, 39<\/em>(3), 744\u2013747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2013.12.010<\/a><\/p>\n

Klimmt, C., Hefner, D., Reinecke, L., Rieger, D., & Vorderer, P. (2018). The permanently online and permanently connected mind. Mapping the cognitive structures behind mobile Internet use. In P. Vorderer, D. Hefner, L. Reinecke & C. Klimmt (Eds.), Permanently online, permanently connected. Living and communication in a POPC world (pp. 18-28). Routledge. https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/319623005_The_permanently_online_and_permanently_connected_mind_Mapping_the_cognitive_structures_behind_mobile_internet_use<\/a><\/p>\n

Kormoczi, R. (2020, June 24). What is the Digital Age?<\/em> Times International. https:\/\/timesinternational.net\/the-digital-age\/#:~:text=%20How%20will%20the%20Digital%20Age%20impact%20our,the%20most%20evident%20concerns%20is%20the…%20More%20<\/a><\/p>\n

Kwon, M., Kim, D.-J., Cho, H., & Yang, S. (2013). The smartphone addiction scale: development and validation of a short version for adolescents. PLOS ONE, 8(<\/em>12), e83558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0083558<\/a><\/p>\n

Larson, L. (2021). Social media use in emerging adults: Investigating the relationship with social media addiction and Social Behavior. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research<\/em>, 26<\/em>(2), 228\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24839\/2325-7342.jn26.2.228<\/a><\/p>\n

Lin C.-Y., Brostr\u00f6m, A., Nilsen, P., Griffiths, M. D., & Pakpour, A.H. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Persian Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale using classic test theory and Rasch models. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6<\/em>(4), 620\u2013629. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.6.2017.071<\/a><\/p>\n

Lee, E., Ho, S., & Lwin, M. (2016). Explicating problematic social network sites use: A review of concepts, theoretical frameworks, and future directions for communication theorizing. New Media & Society<\/em>, 19<\/em>(2), 308\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1461444816671891<\/a><\/p>\n

Ling, R. (2012). Taken for grantedness. The embedding of mobile communication into society.<\/em> MIT Press.<\/p>\n

McCambridge, J., de Bruin, M., & Witton, J. (2012). The Effects of Demand Characteristics on Research Participant Behaviours in Non-Laboratory Settings: A Systematic Review. PLOS ONE<\/em>, 7(6), e39116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0039116 <\/a><\/p>\n

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Addicted. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary<\/em>. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/addicted<\/a><\/p>\n

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Social media. In Merriam Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved September 15, 2022, from https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/social%20media<\/a><\/p>\n

Merrigan, G., Huston, C. L., & Johnston, R. (2012). Communication Research Methods: Canadian Edition.<\/em> Oxford University Press.<\/p>\n

Nakaya, A. (2015). Internet and social media addiction<\/em>. ReferencePoint Press. https:\/\/www.webology.org\/abstract.php?id=277<\/a><\/p>\n

National Institutes of Health. (n.d.) Dependent and independent variables. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved September 21, 2022, from https:\/\/www.nlm.nih.gov\/nichsr\/stats_tutorial\/section2\/mod4_variables.html<\/a><\/p>\n

Ofir Turel & Alexander Serenko (2012) The benefits and dangers of enjoyment with social networking websites. European Journal of Information Systems, 21<\/em>(5), <\/em>512\u2013528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/ejis.2012.1<\/a><\/p>\n

Pang, H. (2018a). How does time spent on WeChat bolster subjective well-being through social integration and social capital? Telematics and Informatics, 35<\/em>(8), <\/em>2147\u20132156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2018.07.015<\/a><\/p>\n

Pang, H. (2018b). Exploring the beneficial effects of social networking site use on Chinese students\u2019 perceptions of social capital and psychological well-being in Germany. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 67, <\/em>1\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2018.08.002<\/a><\/p>\n

Ponnusamy, S., Iranmanesh, M., Foroughi, B., & Hyun, S. S. (2020). Drivers and outcomes of Instagram addiction: Psychological well-being as moderator. Computers in Human Behavior, 107<\/em>, 106294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106294<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Przybylski, A. K., Murayama, K., DeHaan, C. R., & Gladwell, V. (2013). Motivational, emotional, and behavioral correlates of fear of missing out. Computers in Human Behavior<\/em>, 29<\/em>(4), 1841\u20131848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2013.02.014<\/a><\/p>\n

Sam, N. (2013). Social skills. Psychology Dictionary. https:\/\/psychologydictionary.org\/social-skills\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Samaha, M., & Hawi, N. S. (2016). Relationships among smartphone addiction, stress, academic performance, and Satisfaction With Life. Computers in Human Behavior<\/em>, 57<\/em>, 321\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.12.045 <\/a><\/p>\n

Smith, J. (2021, July 5). Internet Addiction: Causes, Effects, And Treatments.<\/em> AddictionResource.net. https:\/\/www.addictionresource.net\/behavioral-addictions\/internet\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Statista Research Department. (2021, September 7). Daily Social Media Usage Worldwide 2012-2021<\/em>. Statista. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/433871\/daily-social-media-usage-worldwide\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Statista Research Department. (2021, November 16). Most used social media 2021<\/em>. Statista. https:\/\/www.statista.com\/statistics\/272014\/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Sun, Y., & Zhang, Y. (2021). A review of theories and models applied in studies of social media addiction and implications for future research. Addictive Behaviors<\/em>, 114<\/em>, 106699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106699<\/a><\/p>\n

Swar, B., & Hameed, T. (2017, February). Fear of Missing out, Social Media Engagement, Smartphone Addiction and Distraction: Moderating Role of Self-Help Mobile Apps-based Interventions in the Youth<\/em> [Paper presentation]. 10th International Conference on Health Informatics, Porto, Portugal. \u00a0https:\/\/pdfs.semanticscholar.org\/d2e4\/64a501b7c7a9c50be808803cb558758bdfbe.pdf. <\/a><\/p>\n

Tang, J. H., Chen, M. C., Yang, C. Y., Chung, T. Y., & Lee, Y. A. (2016). Personality traits, interpersonal relationships, online social support, and Facebook addiction. Telematics and Informatics,<\/em> 33<\/em>(1), 102\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tele.2015.06.003<\/a><\/p>\n

Tarafdar, M., Maier, C., Laumer, S., & Weitzel, T. (2019). Explaining the link between technostress and technology addiction for social networking sites: A study of distraction as a coping behavior. Information Systems Journal, 30<\/em>(1), 96\u2013124. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/isj.12253<\/a><\/p>\n

Techopedia. (2017, April 26). Social Platform.<\/em> Techopedia. https:\/\/www.techopedia.com\/definition\/23759\/social-platform<\/a><\/p>\n

Tutgun \u00dcnal, A. & Deniz, L. (2015). Development of the Social Media Addiction Scale. AJIT-e Online Academic Journal of Information Technology, 6(<\/em>21), 51\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5824\/1309-1581.2015.4.004.x<\/a><\/p>\n

United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. (2021). Definitions of Youth.<\/em> United Nations Youth. https:\/\/www.un.org\/esa\/socdev\/documents\/youth\/fact-sheets\/youth-definition.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n

Wacks, Y., & Weinstein, A. M. (2021). Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry<\/em>, 12<\/em>, 1\u20137. https:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.669042<\/a><\/p>\n

Wang, J. L., Jackson, L. A., Gaskin, J., & Wang, H. Z. (2014). The effects of social networking site (SNS) use on college students\u2019 friendship and well-being. Computers in Human Behavior, 37,<\/em> 229\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2014.04.051<\/a><\/p>\n

Webster, Merriam. (2021). Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Young adult. (2022) in Cambridge Dictionary<\/em>. Cambridge University Press. https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/dictionary\/english\/young-adult<\/a><\/p>\n

Zhao, L. (2021). The impact of social media use types and social media addiction on subjective well-being of college students: A comparative analysis of addicted and non-addicted students. Computers in Human Behavior Reports, 4<\/em>, 100122. \u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chbr.2021.100122<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":29,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-509","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":412,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/509","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/29"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/509\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":511,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/509\/revisions\/511"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/412"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/509\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=509"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=509"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbooks.macewan.ca\/researchincommunication\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=509"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}